Economic Inequality and African American Kids Essay

Throughout the short story â€Å"The Lesson,† Toni Cade Bambara uses a first person writing style, as well as specific characters to emphasize her ideas, and further prove her point. Bambara illustrates what it is like for African American kids growing up, and the overall issue of class, and inequality that African Americans are still facing today. The author successfully states her claim, and by writing in first person, through the character Sylvia, the reader can make a more in depth analysis of the thoughts, behaviors, and interactions of inner city African American kids. Sylvia, the narrator in this story, reveals the true nature of a kid growing up. Sylvia is often found going off topic, making grammar and spelling errors, and complaining with inappropriate language. Within the first paragraph the reader finds Sylvia complaining and swearing about her new neighbor, Miss Moore. Sylvia even goes of topic enough to compare Miss Moore to a garbage man. When describing the setting in the second paragraph, Sylvia states that it is â€Å"puredee hot. † It is obvious that she made a grammatical error, in which she meant â€Å"pretty hot. † Though it may seem strange for grammar errors, and irrelevant stories being told, it further emphasizes that Sylvia is an ordinary inner city kid, with a lack of discipline, and education. Miss Moore decides to have a teaching moment with the kids about the social inequality and uneven distribution of wealth. She proclaims to the kids that the live in poverty, and that they are in the slums of society. Sylvia in her own thoughts does not agree with Miss Moore’s statement. So Miss Moore decides to take Sylvia and several of her friends to a toy store further out of town. When the children enter the store, they quickly find out that everything is out of their price range, so they move onto another store. This is when more is revealed about Sylvia. When she reaches the entrance of the next toy store, she hesitates to go in. It’s at this time she feels shy and shameful about going into this toy store. This is considered the turning point in the story, in which Sylvia is beginning to realize that she does live in poverty, and that many others are more fortunate than she is. Though she knows she has the right to enter the toy store, she feels as if she doesn’t belong here, and she does not feel welcomed. But in the last sentence in the story, Sylvia states â€Å"But ain’t nobody gunna beat me at nothing. † This is Sylvia’s claim that she will not stay in the lower end society, and that she is not going to leapt her class be a barrier. This is exactly â€Å"The Lesson† that Miss Moore is trying to teach. She is suggesting that just because there is an equality of race, does not mean that there is an equality of class. And though it may seem that â€Å"The Lesson† is directed towards Sylvia and the other children, the real lesson is being direct towards the audience. This is a successful attempt by the author to make greater awareness of uneven distribution of social classes. In conclusion, Sylvia is depicted as a young undereducated African American who is exposed to a whole other spectrum of the social ladder. When this occurs she feels unwelcome in this higher end society, and is shy and shameful. It is at this time she realizes that she does live in poverty, and that she will not be held back because of it. Toni Bambara used the character Sylvia to spread her ideas about the differences found in social classes. Though it may have seemed as if Sylvia was the one receiving â€Å"The Lesson,† the audience is actually the one being taught.

Georgiana Cavendish background

During the 18th century, gender roles in England were resonated against high levels of chastity, compliance, delicacy as well as modesty that defined a truly virtuous female. It was believed that the greatest female achievement lay in total obedience and not in intellectual pursuits. This was mostly contributed by the nature and delineation of power that was largely vested in men during this period and earlier on. However, this was very wrong as women could contribute positively to the societal development. It was also wrong as it disregarded their integrity and underestimated their capacity to effectively participate to important decisions.Besides, they formed a key pillar in the development and growth of the children in the society which demanded high level wisdom and clear wits. This book gives a clear outlay of the gender roles in England during the 18th century in the highly autocratic setting system. With reference to Georgiana Cavendish there is a clear outlook of how the soci ety started to defy the widely defined and accepted norms for the women in the society. This report gives the changing realities during this period and acted as a major pillar that would define later considerations of both genders in the society.A clear comparison of that moment and present day women's roles in the society is given with a view of outlining proper recommendations that should be used in determining the roles for both genders. Georgiana Cavendish background. Georgiana Cavendish was born of John Spencer in 1757 and married to the 5th Duke of Devonshire at the age of 17 years. However, lovers had started admiring her at an early age of 11 years but resisted from getting married by her parents. She was a celebrated beauty and an active political campaigner in the country (Brian, 11-17).To add to that, she liked gambling and was involved in sexual promiscuity later in her marital life. The author portrays her as a totally defiant icon that defied the odds of major societal expectations of the time. Societal expectations of Georgiana and other women in aristocratic England. Brian (12-16) indicates that women in England were less regarded and required to take a low profile on major issues like political and family matters. Georgiana was therefore expected to be obedient and submissive to her husband from the time of marriage throughout their lives.All the women in England were required to take care of their husbands and follow their demands in terms of their physical and sexual desires. Therefore, they were expected to remain in their homes to serve their husbands and children. Being the wife of a Duke, of great importance from her was to bear children for her husband and the monarch. The author insists that the wife specifically supposed to bear sons who would later be heirs of the monarch to continue the autocratic regime. With women's position and roles being at the home setting, they were not supposed to be involved in active politics of the countr y.During this period, women’s suffrage was unheard of and it was required that they remained silent with their main contribution being to give the Duke an heir of the system. To add to that, the society expected them to remain faithful to their husbands at all times. This was strongly emphasized for Georgiana as she was expected to set the pace for other women to emulate in their lives and depict the king’s pride. Challenges by Georgiana to these conventions. As the book continues to unfold, it is clear that Georgiana challenged majority of these society demands strongly and with great courage.Though success was not immediate, the challenges acted as main center points in liberation of women in the entire England and other regions during the subsequent years. To begin with, the author puts it very clear that Georgiana was a strong political campaigner and was always found in gatherings of political an literally figures. Prior to 1784 general elections she campaigned fo r the Whigs particularly Charles James Fox. Major icons emerged later in the country's leadership improving the involvement of women in core decision making processes (Brian, 51-56).Most remarkable was Britain first prime minister and the leader of conservative party Margaret Thatcher. Unlike the societal expectations, Georgiana never brought happiness to the Duke of Devonshire. The marriage was an unhappy one with high levels of temperaments. Making it even more sorrowful to the people in the society and the Duke himself, in their initial years she never bore any children as she was rocked by vast miscarriages. Later, when she managed to give birth, she bore girls until the much awaited third born son. Besides, she introduced her husband to a mistress who was her friend leading to later marriage to her as a second wife.This was a major challenge as women were expected to strongly insulate the monarch from external genes that would interfere with the overall ‘integrity' of the ruling family. Openly defying major demands in the monarch and the society, Georgiana was promiscuous and had an affair with Charles Grey with whom she had a daughter. She was also reported to have traded kisses for votes during the 1784 general elections. To add to that, Georgiana was never home tied like other women as she went out to meet with other people of different classes.She was always involved in major places that women were prohibited from getting to. Being addicted to gabling, the book indicates that she died with major debts despite being from a very rich background. Mistresses and involvement of women in major activities that brought them out to meet with others later increased drastically in the whole country with open and hidden affairs characterizing majority of the young people and married couples. Conclusion. Women roles in England during late 18th century were highly oppressive and segregative in the aristocratically defined England.As indicated by the book, bre aking these considerations was hard and required courage as well as major sacrifice. As depicted by Georgiana Duchess, women were strongly valued for their fertility that was largely used by their ruling husbands as a major source of pride due to guaranteed heredity and therefore increased ability to sustain the monarch in their lineages. Though her defiance was met with resistance, it formed a clear icon that marked later liberation for the women in their social-political and economic delineations in all dimensions.With the current women contribution in the society being of vital essence it is clear that this oppression was a deterrent to fast growth and development in the region during that period. Women roles should therefore be fully appreciated and their participation is equal to those of men as they are equally capable of initiating and contributing to societal growth. Reference list. Brian, M. (1981). Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire: Duchess of Devonshire. London: Routledge.

Competition in Health Care Essay

Competition in health care is becoming a major issue, because health care organizations are fighting for the best doctors, patients are fighting for the best treatments, and insurance companies are raising their premiums. Competition is a serious problem due to bad choices being made by hospitals, health plans, and businesses. This paper will explore in more detail the reason why there is so much competition in health care and why health care is steadily rising. Describe the different forms of competition that take place among various types of health care organizations. The different forms of competition for health care organizations would be price, quality, service and convenience. Doctors are willing to take on patients who can pay for their treatments instead of patients that have way of paying. â€Å"Physicians may compete for patients who are able to pay for services and do not health insurance, or for patients who have their expenditures paid for by third party insurers so phy sicians compete on a non-price basis, based on location, colleagues’ referrals, and reputation.† (Rivers & Glover, 2010). Hospitals compete for the best doctors offering better equipment or highly trained employees. Hospitals compete also for patients where they offer better services and cheaper prices. Insurance companies compete to have the best premiums, benefits and access to great health care insurance. There is a lot of competition in health care, but what this really boils down to is how well patients are being taken care of and if they are satisfied with their choices of doctors, hospitals and health insurance. Evaluate the benefits and pitfalls of competition in health care and suggest alternatives if competition was not the primary driver of operations in the U. S. health care system. Some of the benefits of competition would be Patient’s bill of rights, insurance companies taking pre-existing conditions, wealthier people paying taxes on health insurance, medical devices, and Medicare. Other  benefits would be for those individuals who cannot afford health insurance to not be penalize d for not having insurance, and children being able to stay on their parent’s health insurance until age 26. The pitfalls of competition would be hospitals will have to be punished if a patient is readmitted after being discharged from their facility within a certain number of days. Some physicians will have to sell their practices to hospitals because of overhead. The quality of health care has decreased while the cost has increased. Another pitfall would be employers cutting their employees hours from full-time to part-time so they do not have to pay for their employee’s health insurance. â€Å"Health care reform takes small steps toward addressing this problem but trends toward pay performance and bundled payment could worsen this mismatch if they fail to account for the needs of underserved patients and practices serving them.† (Fiscella, 2011). An alternative if competition was not the primary driver would be hospitals and doctors seeing patients free of charge. Patients would not have to worry about paying co-pays or medical bills, because there would be more free clinic s offering medications for cancer treatments, diabetes and other conditions. Explain the elements of successful competition and the use of competitive intelligence. A successful competition would be hospitals and doctors coming together to perform care for patients. Competitive intelligence in health care is observing other health care organizations to see if they are alike and to figure out what their next move is. â€Å"Competitive intelligence or business intelligence is a tool of business leader, a competent central vision resulting from an extensive report about a competitor company that continually seeks to exploit its weak points, everything to avoid surprises competitive.† (Bucur & Pribac, 2010). In order for competition to be successful between hospitals, drug companies, and physicians they all need to provide cheaper prices, quality care, and discounts. Describe the influence competition has on the services offered by health care organizations and the choices patients have. The influence competition has on services from health care organizations is that every organization is different some offer certain services like MRI’s, CT scans, and lab work. While other organizations offer other types of services like rehabilitation, prenatal care, and HIV classes. Patients should always be a part of their treatment plans and they should know all the information about  the procedures that are being done on them. Patients should be allowed to choice what doctor or hospital they want to go with. Patients would like to have accessibility to doctors or specialists without having to go far away from their homes. Conclusion Health care competition is becoming the most talked about issue with hospitals and doctors. If hospitals and doctors worked together there would be fewer problems, because patients would not have to go too far to see their doctors, and they could go to the hospital of their choice. Every day there is something new being invented or used in the medical field which can be competition for all health care systems. There has to be better way to deal with all the competition that is going on in this field. References Bucur, O. N., & Pribac, L. I. (2010). Intelligence key Weapon Competitiveness. Annals of DAAAM & Proceedings, 1473-1474. Web.b.ebschost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu. Fiscella, K. (2011). Health Care Reform and Equity: Promise, Pitfalls, and Prescriptions. Annals of Family Medicine, 9 (1), 78-84. Doi: 10.1370/afm.1213 Rivers, A. P., & Glover, H. S. (2010). Health Care Competition, Strategic mission, and patient satisfaction: research model and propositions. NCBI. www.ncbi.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC28656781

Personal essay assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal assignment - Essay Example First of all I must note that I strongly identify myself as a Chinese person, more specifically a Chinese exchange student. I acknowledge the fact that while studying abroad I represent my country as well as the rich cultural tradition that it is able to boast. I feel to a gained access to my inner resources that constitute my very nature. There are several reasons why I identify myself in this way. First of all, I spend the majority of the day among people who come from a different cultural background than me. As a result, I can clearly see that I am different from then in many aspects. However this feeling makes me confident of my own origin. Secondly, I have to introduce myself a lot; so, when I say that I am from China I am usually asked to share something interesting about my country. Thanks to it I am always in touch with my roots. It would be rather advantageous to examine the way others think of me. While the best way to know it would be to ask people that I interact with, it would not be a rude exaggeration to note that they surely perceive me as an Asian student. I deliberately used the word "Asian" here in order to point out the fact that the majority of people consider Asians to have a super ethnos that should not be divided into distinct cultures. Speaking of the reasons why others perceive me in such a way, I might assume that the following kind of thinking takes place here: as Takaki put it â€Å"my face and name had tagged as a stranger" (Takaki 1). It will not be an exaggeration to argue that the analysis of the cultural background of a foreign person does not go further than that. I must admit that such a superficial attitude towards my identity surely makes me sad. For example, there have been several occasions when people thought that I was Japanese. While the difference between these two cultures is insignificant for other individuals, I feel offended to a

S.O.A.P Analysis For Henry David Thoreau's Brute Neighbors Essay

S.O.A.P Analysis For Henry David Thoreau's Brute Neighbors - Essay Example The piece looks like a journal entry, and has a laidback, slow paced style, which shows that the author wrote it as a form of meditative activity. The author has a great respect for the natural world, which he wishes to share with people who may or may not have encountered this type of lifestyle. [80 words] The essay is aimed mostly at the city dweller, somebody with little familiarity with life in the woods but is interested to know what it is like. The description of the landscape, the birds and animals, and the authors meditative thoughts and the comparison between the animal and human world are more of interest to the person educated in the city, with some level of higher education. Also, the historical references are more likely to be understood by somebody with this background. [83 words] The essay was written to familiarize people about the natural world. The second purpose is to share the insights into human nature gained through observing nature. The speaker is in a relaxed state of mind, but minutely observes the natural world around him and informs the audience of everything that is going on in the world that he is living in currently. Sometimes the author uses short sentences and exclamation marks to describe the happenings around him and draw the reader into the story. [84 words] The speaker starts by reporting a conversation between him and a friend who came over to stay for a few days. The conversation, between a hermit and a poet, sets the pace for the rest of the essay. The poet exploring the beauty of nature as opposed to the philosophical vision of the hermit gives an indication of things to come. The rest of the essay discusses the authors meetings with different animals, and the chain of thought each animal sets off in the author, who often compares their activities to that of humans. [93 words] The author, who refers to himself as a

Arab Politics -The Baath Party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arab Politics -The Baath Party - Research Paper Example Baath party is one of the Arab political parties originated in Syria. It has attained international fame because of its association with former Iraq president Saddam Husain. Though Baath party has extended its roots to many Arab countries like Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan etc as a symbol of Arab unity, it didn’t survive long because of its composition of different political regimes and origin The Arab Socialist Baath Party was founded in Syria in the 1940s by a small group of French-educated Syrian intellectuals - Michel Aflaq, a Greek Orthodox, and Salah al-Din al-Bitar, a Sunni Muslim. The word Baath means renaissance in Arabic. (Kafala) The educated Muslim intellectuals have visualized the whole Arab countries as a single entity and their aim was to bring all the Arab people under one flag of the Baath party. Their aim was not motivated by any selfish aspects. They have felt the need of a single Arab party in order to counter the external threats from countries like Israel and America. Baath party was a secular Arab party. â€Å"Socialism (not Marxism) was quickly adopted as the party’s economic dogma: â€Å"Unity [Arab], Freedom [from colonialism], and Socialism† are still the watchwords.† (The Syrian Encyclopaedia) Though Baath party has accepted socialism as the economic principle, it differed from communism in many ways. Communism mostly works for the working class of the whole world whereas Baath party stressed the importance of economic equality among all the peoples of Arab countries. They have given focus on Arab culture alone and hence they concentrated on the Middle East region alone. Communism, on the other hand, doesn’t have any boundaries; it works for the whole working class in the world. â€Å"The Iraqi Baath party was founded in 1951 and had 500 members three years later. Saddam Hussein joined it as a 20-year-old in 1956.  

Schizophrenia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Schizophrenia - Research Paper Example Schizophrenia in general as a disorder has a peculiar symptom, namely that the affected person may hear sounds that surrounding people don’t hear. They have a curious feeling that other people are trying to read their minds or in other words are gaining control of their thoughts. They are superstitious enough to harm themselves as well. This can frighten people with the illness and exclude them from the society because of extreme agitation. This brain disorder is considered to be costly and time consuming due to the behavior of the patient. Superstitions are common feelings of the patient which are caused by low intake of the medicine. First generation and second generation medicines are introduced for the patients who deal with certain types of the syndrome. Trust should be developed while treating a patient with schizophrenia. Introduction: Schizophrenia is basically a brain disorder which is found to be persistent, severe, and even disabling the brain and it has affected pe ople throughout history. About 1 percent of Americans have this illness. People with schizophrenia may give a feeling as if they are lost in thoughts. Such person can sit for hours without moving or talking. One cannot judge a person until he/she speaks about what they are really thinking. Depending upon the conditions and causes families and society are affected by schizophrenia too. It has been found that people suffering from schizophrenia have difficulty within their social circle, maintaining a job or even taking care of themselves, so they rely on others for help. With developing research and more effective medications, researchers are finding solutions to this brain disorder. Use of medicine and treatment helps relieve many symptoms of schizophrenia, but often people fight with symptoms throughout their lives. However, many people with schizophrenia can lead rewarding and meaningful lives in their communities. (Regier DA, 1993) Prevalence of the Disease Several factors affect the prevalence of schizophrenia, such as the recognition and reaction to treatment. The prevalence of schizophrenia can be calculated either from cases registered or field surveys. Researchers report that figures have been hypothesized that prevalence estimates would differ between lifetime, period, and point prevalence. Estimates were calculated as a proportion by dividing the total number of individuals who had the disorder by the total population at risk including those with the disorder. It is predicted that males from urban areas and migrants would have a larger proportion as compared to females. (Bhugra, 2005) Schizophrenia rarely occurs in children but affects men and women equally. It occurs regardless of religion and ethnic groups around the world. Mainly symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions usually commence between ages 16 to 30. Men are exposed more to symptoms a little earlier than women. Most of the time, people do not get schizophrenia after age 45. (SR, 2004 ) Schizophrenia in teens can be difficult to diagnose, because some of the first signs can include a change in emotional behavior, change of friends, low performance in education, sleep problems, and bad temper that are common among teens. However, a series of factors can forecast the disorder for up to 80 percent of youth who are at high risk of

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 1 Session Long Project Essay

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 1 Session Long Project - Essay Example According to them, the company was following â€Å"glass ceiling† policy where the minorities were no allowed to get ahead in their careers. In simple words, The Coca-Cola Company was giving preferential treatments to whites in the company. This issue was a small issue as only four people complained about the mistreatment of The Coca-Cola Company towards its employees. A deontological framework believes that actions are judged by the motives of any action. If the motives behind certain actions are wrong, but it leads to a good outcome, despite that the action will remain a bad action and vice versa. In simple words, it is the motive behind the action that makes it right or wrong and not the outcome. Since, the motive of the company was not promote the blacks and they are practicing discrimination, the action is wrong, not matter if there are good outcomes associated with the action (Although good outcomes are not possible in this case, but let’s assume it for the sake of our understanding). Therefore, one can clearly say that The Coca-Cola company cannot justify this problem from Deontological ethical frameworks because as it appears that the motives of the company are wrong by giving discriminatory treatment to African-Americans and other minorities working in the company. Similarly, let’s analyze the case from utilitarian framework to decide whether The Coca-Cola Company should be doing what it is or should it adopt a different policy. The Coca-Cola Company by adopting a policy of a racial bias is not letting the right talent to get ahead in his career. This situation has more harms than merits. For example, when a person is promoted on the basis of his race and not on the basis of merit, it is more often the case that his productivity is low. This low productivity would lead to low output available for consumption for the society. It will also mean

Postmodernism in the Field of Anthropology Research Paper

Postmodernism in the Field of Anthropology - Research Paper Example The research paper "Postmodernism in the Field of Anthropology" states the postmodernism in the field of anthropology. Comprising the idea of this new practice, they do not anymore depend completely on the answers that have been given by the church or biblical canon, eminent intellectuals and scholars have provided with concrete theories so that they can account for the formation of the world and its dwellers. While differentiating between various concepts like humanism which was applied by Franz Boas and E.E. Evan Pritchard, did exist altogether with the method based epistemology of science, around 1980 a very concrete theory emerged which led to the systematic study of human life namely postmodern anthropology. The postmodern epistemology has been exempted from the similar fields like of symbolic and feminist anthropology, this constitutes the significance of our ethical responsibility, the importance of the relativity of our position it also deals with the consequent subjectivity it develops, and it by force challenges the aloof ideal of the uninfluenced view. The purpose of developing this field was to understand, examine and reason. To evaluate and draw conclusions about our ancestors and their lives. The postmodernist who is criticizing or critiquing on science usually has two formal interlinked arguments that is epistemological and ideological. Both of these are based on subjective approach. The initial debate that arises is that anthropology cannot be a branch of science. in accordance with the epistemogical approach and the reason is that basically the purpose of science is objectivity and a relatable conclusion. Secondly, the concept of objectivity is too vague and fantasized, therefore one relates to science in an ideological perspective, it tends to camouflage itself by supporting and voicing the rights of the suppressed class, women, ethnicities, etc. The universally recognized act of developing a scientifically indifferent view which was severely criticized by Clifford Geertz, who deviated from the universal formulations of prior anthropologists and carried on that features of culture, like religion, should be visualized and sorted by the meaning it contains, irrespective of what sort of reaction it may develop in the society. Culture is something which differs for everybody. It's how one takes it to be not something homogenous for all. As all humans perceive and adopt things differently therefore culture is then different within people living together as well. Feminist anthropology trails across the limitations of academia and changes the gathered research and makes it concrete. Fieldwork doesn’t only cover up the entire thing, it acts like a spark igniting the effort for better morality in culture as well as socially.(Salzman 2001). These joined principles of symbolic and feminist theories emerge as the basics that lead to postmodernism; it is a great combination of relativist epistemology and advocacy (Salzman, 200 1). When we take the initial one under consideration, a very essential point of this postmodern theory is the eager denial of science, a limiting tool within an powerful dominant class. The stress is laid upon that the symbolic and feminist anthropology that has been based on morality and subjectivity; hence, it negates the consumption of the empirical scientific method in best context that defines the authencity. (Heartney, 2001)Those who were working with the assumptions were not credited while now the room for the postmodern

Radical Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Radical Islam - Essay Example This justification has severe repercussions one of which is that it implicitly states that all Muslims are required to waed the war if they are to live as true Muslims. This paper aims to discuss the role of Jihad as an instrument used by terrorist organiations in their plan of action. The focus will be on the discussion how Jihad serves as a recruitment tool of the organiations. The discussion involves that of establishing the nature of Islam as a religion, its provisions for physical struggle, the consequences of such orienations and its use as a recruitment tool of terrorist organizations. Thru the determination of relevant Quranic verses, this paper aims to provide the background and foundation of the terrorist's interpretationof the Jihad. Jihad is an Islamic term that means "to exert utmost effort, to strive or to struggle". This definition may mean anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to a political or military struggle. The term Jihad is often taken into context as to describe purely physical and military struggle. The military struggles usually come in the form of religious wars. Although this maybe the case, there are actually five different forms of jihad. They are as follows: Jihad by the pen and knowledge (jihad bil qalam/ilm) is a struggle fo... pen and knowledge (jihad bil qalam/ilm) is a struggle for good against evil through an academic study of Islam, ijtihad (legal reasoning) and even through sciences (such as medical sciences). Jihad by the hand (jihad bil yad) refers to a struggle of good against evil waged by actions using one's wealth or actions that is virtous such as providing funding for jihad, advocacy campaigns for furthering the cause of Islam, undergoing the Hajj pilgrimage, taking care of the family and may even include espionage. Jihad by the sword (jihad bis saif) refers to the holy war or armed fighting in the way of God. Of all the forms of jihad, the form which pervades the social scene is the Jihad by the sword. A person who engages in jihad, whatever forms may be, are called a mujahid which means struggler. With this definition, a Muslim person engaging in fighting in a military struggle as well as those who are memorizing the Quran can be considered as a mujahid. The variety of forms of Islam gave rise to the need to classify which of them are more appropriate in terms of value creation and importance. Because of this, the five forms of jihad was classified either as al-jihd al-akbar (the greater jihad) or al-jihd al-asghar (the lesser jihad) , the struggle against one's soul (nafs), , the external, physical effort, often implying fighting. From this classification, it can be seen that the first threeare implied as the greater jihad with the remaining as the lesser jihad. The Aspirations of Islam and Jihad In this paper the word "Islam" has three meanings that have been taken in the context of which it operates. First, using the Western view of Islam, this term is primarily used to denote a religious tradition, much like Christianity, that provides fundamental

Women in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice Essay

Women in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice - Essay Example Undoubtedly, Shakespeare is the most famous and well known playwright of the English language and Merchant of Venice is one of his most performed plays even though the focus of the play is often the character of Shylock, the character of Portia remains quite important since she represents the highest values that Christian virtue could appeal to during the times. In this manner, the female characters become significantly more important than their male counterparts who may show weakness and even a defeatist attitude (Sanders, 1968). Portia outshines the men in the play particularly with regard to virtue since she remains dutiful to the orders of her dead father even though her heart tells her to do otherwise. She is divinely rewarded when the man she loves makes the right choice with regard to the lead, silver and gold boxes. Like many other Shakespearean women, Portia becomes an important character despite the presence of other strong characters such as Anotnio and Shylock. Even though the position of women in shakespeare’s times was not one which could have made this a realistic play, the approach taken by Shakespeare certainly makes Portia the strongest character. Interestingly, Shakespeare was living at a time when the most powerful ruler in Europe was a lady who founded the British Empire as it took shape for centuries to come. While the Christian dogma at the time may have seen women to be fickle, fragile and weak, a ruler as a woman meant that the qualities of Portia were completely natural since she certainly displays kingly virtues of intelligence and mercy. There is certainly some social hypocrisy in this situation since women had little rights in society at the time and even Portia was not the mistress of her own destiny, yet she saves Antonio and even ‘forgives’ Shylock after she has won her case. Portia eloquently describes the qualities of mercy which is a Christian ideal and is something heroes would show to their

At The Back of the Stage Essay Example for Free

At The Back of the Stage Essay Dated back April 7, 2014, at 8:00 pm the Search for Bb. Jimenez .The most prestigious event in the town where I considered being one of my most unforgettable moments in life because it’s like a dream came true. Before, I’m just an audience who dreamed to be part of the show who ramp at the stage watched by my own fellow Jimeneznon. But it’s my fortune to be given a chance to be one of them. At the start I hesitate because it’s my first time to ramp at the stage crowded by a lot of people, but I changed my mind because I told to myself why not try it? There is nothing to lose of trying right? As long as we enjoy and we love what we do. Someone will say, how came that the Search for Bb. Jimenez 2014 is one of my unforgettable moment if I didn’t made it to the top 5? Well, getting the Crown is not all that matter but what matters most is the learning’s, the experienced, the friendship we build with all the staff and the memories that I will treasured for the rest of my life. Not all of us had given a chance to be part of that prestigious event. So, win or lost that moment will still marked an important part of the piece of my heart and soul. In every competition it is not just the Crown, the medals, or any awards that matters but it is for us how we accept things without any regrets, because we all know within ourselves that we did our best and accept the fact that in every competition from small to the biggest one there will always be a winner and there is always be a loser, Loser in the eyes of everyone but a winner for themselves.

Critical Appreciation Of To His Coy Mistress English Literature Essay

Critical Appreciation Of To His Coy Mistress English Literature Essay The poem is written in iambic tetrameters because there are four feet in each line; and each foot consists of two syllables; and in each foot the first syllable is light or unstressed but the second is stressed. There are also some variations, say the first foot of the first line has a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one; so it is trochaic; but it is natural to iambic, too. These variations have been written on purpose. In line 4, there are three successive stressed syllables in the words long loves days in order to emphasize the length of the time which is stated in the words. Of course, some of them are written only for variety like lines 3, 5, 6, and so on. There is a spondaic foot in line 12 in Vaster probably to add significance to the word. A pyrrhic begins line 18; in this line, the next foot is spondaic in last age for the emphasis which is concerning the period stated by the words. In line 22, hurrying has three successive light syllables which increase its sense. It is true of the word echoing in line 27, that is, since they are related to movement, a light thing can move fast; so they enhance their senses. The poem has a clear as bb cc rhyme scheme. Sometimes, it is not exact, i.e., in the words would and Flood. But in conjunction with the regular meter, it gives the poem a controlled and reflective tone. The rhyme and meter give it a pleasant musical effect. The imagery has superficially unremarkable, i.e., the distance between the Ganges river and the Humber river which has the sense of humor. The dominant images of the second stanza are concerning death and time; but death has not been used in the first stanza at all. The images of the third stanza are concerning youth and enjoying it. In this poem there are also some allusions to Greek mythology, courtly love, and the Bible. Then, there is no complicated tone; it is playful and urbane. No one can consider it as a kind of love poem. For the speaker establishes a courtly love which is particularly traditional. He wants to make his beloved a virtually inaccessible one who can be like goddess. In addition, she can be considered as a cruel lady who withholds her love from the speaker. So the lover sits by the Humber tide and complains of her cruelty. And he has served her by praise and adoration since the tie of Noahs Flood in 4000 B.C. and will also serve till the conversion of the Jews to Christianity. This is a humor because the time is to much. He says it for making the lady smile and be ready to hear a courtly love or divinity of the lady for the fact that the poet says her to sport them, to roll all their strength and sweetness up into one ball, and to tear their pleasures with rough strife. Some traditional meta phors are also used in the poem which represent the passing of times winged chariot. As we read the poem, we find out the fact that the male speaker enforces his mistress or girl friend to cease being coy or reluctant. There are several key words which should be cared by the reader. They consist of time, long loves day, the Flood, the slow growth of vast empires, a hundred years, two hundred years, thirty thousand years, an age, the last age, lower rate, times winged chariot, deserts of vast eternity, now, at once, our time, the iron gates of life, and the movement of the sun all of which suggest the passing of time, brevity of youth and time, and the urgency of experiencing all the delights of young love. The speaker also worries about them. There are also some rhetorical features. The first twenty lines represents a series of conditions, like if the things were somehow or if or if they were different from what they are. Therefore, it can be concluded the poet wants to say the fact that if they were not imprisoned by time. Tenses of Verbs If we divide the poem to three section notice that the first section, to do with if is written exclusively in the conditional tense: were, we would, you should. The conditional tense is about unreality; its abut things that do not exist. The conditional tense goes with if, and it is always connected with what is not, or what might happen if. The detailed descriptions of the lengths to which he would go if they had the time serve to prove to his mistress that he acknowledges she deserves such wooing, but is unable to honor her in this way simply because time is against them. In the second section o this poem, the But part (line 21) suddenly the conditional tense disappears an is replaced by the far more definite and immediate present tense: But at my back I always hear. A combination of the present tense and the adverb always creates a sense of certainty. It is as if the long, meandering lines of conditional wooing of the first stanza are sharply interrupted by a very present obstacle time. In the third section, the therefore part (line 33), notice that the whole segment is written in the present tense and now appears three times. The combinations of the present tense and now saturates the verse with a sense of urgency. It is also worth nothing that some of the verbs are in the imperative form that is, they are commands let us sport us while we may (line 37); let us roll all our strength (line 41). The imperative form, the present tense and now all work together to create a feeling of immediacy and a need to seize the day. Subjects and verbs In the last section, if we consider the final couplet, the doubt and suggestion of failure present in though we cannot make our sun/stand still, is quickly and thoroughly erased by the use of the emphatic we will as opposed to the plain future tense we shall. To explain clearly, the plain future form of the verb to be is as follows: I shall be, you/he/she/it will be, we shall be, you/they will be. This form gives us a sense of merely what will happen in time to come. For example, if it is cold tomorrow, we shall be staying at home. This is really a prediction: if this is the case, then that will happen. To make this into an emphatic form you need to change it thus: I will be, you/he/she/it shall be, we will be, you/they shall be. Therefore the emphatic form of a verb changes the sense considerably. Literary devices Literary devices are important for Formalists. Three important devices in the poem are allusions, ironies, exaggerations, imageries and rhythms. Allusions are discussed above, now we will discuss about ironies, exaggerations, imageries and rhythms. There are many overstatements in the poem, i.e., the distance between the Ganges river in India and the Humber river in England, the extension of the love from before the Flood to the conversion of the Jews, growing their loves as slowly as empires, praising her eyes and gaze during years, adoring her breast during 200 years, praising the rest of her body during 30,000 year, celebrating heart during the last age. These exaggerations come to an end with the following two lines: For, lady, you deserve this state Nor, would I love at lower rate. The poem is more than the simple confrontation with a coy lady. It is a comic argument which represents the brevity of youth and life, for the lover always looks toward the inevitable and that is death. It can be induced from the following lines: But at my back I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near: And yonder all before us lie Deserts of vast eternity. Therefore, it is an overlapping context which has a new dimension, too. It is a kind of ironic defense against human beings limitation. The poem begins with flattering statements, expressed by the lover, as lady. Then, the argument shows their ideal relationship. He also achieves a fine sublimation by saying that she deserves this state; and he wants to persuade the lady to accept the proposition. In the second stanza, the tone of the poem is shifted because the speaker reveals all the disadvantages of this refusal by love. He also dares to state the result of the refusal by saying that will not be beautiful, and her quaint honor turn to dust. In the final stanza, the poet stops the ironical use of language, wanting the reluctant lady to seize the moment the imagery is brilliant and a sexual one, too. The image of fire which smolders in the first stanza and turns to ashes in the second, explodes into passion in the third stanza. The speaker, in the last four lines influences the lady by an orgiastic force formed by rhythmic spondees like thus, though, and stand, still and by suggestive puns like make our sun, and make him run. The poem moves towards unity and vitality with heavy emphasis on pleasure and a sense of cheating time by winning the battle against it. So the positive tone of the final stanza overrides the slowness of the first, and the harsh, violent coldness of the second. This is indeed the tactic of the narrator as he tries to convince his love to surrender to him. Using logic in such an emotive situation would seem inappropriate, but the passion with which he argues is indeed persuasive, and the reader reaches the final line with a sense of triumph an determination to let love rule, which we can only assume is also conveyed to his silent, cold coy mistress.

Alice in Wonderland Artwork by Sigmar Polke: Analysis

Alice in Wonderland Artwork by Sigmar Polke: Analysis Sigmar Polke was creating a wide range of surfaces with various materials, as shown in his 1971 artwork of Alice in Wonderland (Figure 1), which is paint printed on a store bought printed fabric, not a canvas. The artwork is divided into three images. The background shows a soccer game. In the middle and part of the bottom, you notice polka dots covering up some characters. In the front, the audience sees a transparent Alice talking to the smoking caterpillar, who is sitting on the mushroom. As you read Alice in Wonderland, [1] when Alice takes a bite out of the mushroom, she can either grow big or small. This shows that drugs may help the audience for a little bit, but then most of the time, drugs do not help you. Next to the Alice in Wonderland characters in the painting, there is a translucent soccer player. The mixed media art may have been here to tell people, the brain is on drugs when the audience is watching sports. You notice the translucent characters more, since they appear larger than the soccer players. It gives you a depressed and lonely feeling because the translucent characters have no color. It is as though the characters have died and the brain is already dead. The characters being see through indicates they have lost their color; they have lost their soul. Despite having no color, we can still see them; this could indicate they are about to die and be forgotten. The colors of the soccer players are bold because it shows the drugs have sucked up their soul and are going to take over their life. There are splashes of red and yellow on the polka dots. This could mean that not only is your mind confused, it is also messed up. The characters are there, but the audience can barely see them, indicating they could be becoming invisible. Notice how the polka dots only cover up the middle section and a little bit on the bottom because the artist probably wanted to make sure he was covering up Alice, to show her being curious and confused. Alice is watching the caterpillar smoking. The caterpillar faces away from the audience, possibly ashamed of smoking. The artwork has no symmetry. This shows it is not organized because it is supposed to give you confusion. I looked closely at the background and noticed there are many soccer balls, when you only need to play with one. There are also too many players for the soccer game. This is another indication of your brain on drugs with the side effect of having hallucinations and seeing things more than once. [2]Polke used polka dots. This is a pun of the artists name. Using the polka dots is a reference to Sigmar Polkes use of the media and raster dots. The illustrations of the Alice in Wonderland characters are taken from the illustrations by Sir John Tenniel, which were used in Lewis Carrolls 1865 Alice in Wonderland. I feel like there is no true geometric form; even the panels do not look evenly rectangular. The only thing that looks like a perfect shape would be a sphere (the soccer ball). The audience cannot see all of the faces clearly and cannot see their emotion. Since they are hiding their faces, they are probably depressed from taking drugs. The caterpillar is the one taking the drugs. He merely sits, indicating drugs will make everyone lazy. Alice is the bystander, looking up at the caterpillar, wondering if she should try the drugs too. There are no fixed meanings of Sigmar Polke having layers on the image; it shows too many situations. The audience can only interpret what Sigmar Polke is trying to tell us. The picture is showing me if we watch too much television, the mind is going to have a lot of hallucinations between reality and fiction. The Alice in Wonderland characters do not have enough light as the soccer players. The position of the characters are all different. Alice is standing, the caterpillar is sitting and the soccer players are playing. Do the Alice in Wonderland characters have more attention than the soccer players? The pose may be jumpy, yet Sigmar Polke is giving everyone a warning. The use of color in the background and the characters being translucent reveal what happens to the life of a person on drugs; their emotions fade. By not showing the peoples facial expressions, theres an indication they have sold their identity to drugs: they have lost their soul. Alice in Wonderland became quite a humorous visual correspondence using the projection of transparent images onto grounds composed of multiple, contrasting cloths. [3] Thus, the artwork, with its variations from mixed media, suggests the presence, in fabric, of reality versus fantasy with the mind on drugs. 839 words References Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland. Public Domain, 1898. Davies, Denny, Hofrichter, Jacobs, Roberts, Simon. Jansons History of Art . 8th. Edited by Sarah Touborg. Vol. 2. London: Laurence King Publishing , 2016: 1053. Gintz, Claude. Polkes Slow Dissolve. Art in America, December 1985: 107. Larking, Matthew. artscape Japan.2006. http://www.dnp.co.jp/artscape/eng/focus/0606_02.html.  Ã‚   (Larking n.d.) Figure 1 Sigmar Polke, Alice in Wonderland. 1971. Mixed Media on fabric strips, 106x 86  ¾ ( 3.21.6m). Private Collection, Cologne [4] [1] Carroll Alice in Wonderland Public Domain 1898      [2] Davies, Denny, Hofrichter, Jacobs, Roberts and Simon, Jansons History of Art (Laurence King Publishing, 2016), 1053. [3] Claude Gintz , Polkes Slow Dissolve, Art in America, December 1985, 107. [4] paintersonpaintings. files. wordpress

The Deaf in Society Essay -- Sociology Hard of Hearing

The Deaf Community Imagine if you could never experience the sound of your favorite song on the radio. Or you could never hear the voice of a family member wishing you happy birthday. Since these situations are typical we may take them for granted. But these every day scenarios will never be part of a deaf person's life. "One out of thousand infants will be born deaf every year," (Deaf Understanding). Most people don't realize the giant impact of the deaf in our society. Deaf persons can be any race, gender and position in society. They can be scientists, doctors, or many other professions. Since the occurrence of deafness is so high in our society we all must learn how to communicate affectivity with the deaf community. There are many approaches a person may take to familiarize themselves with deaf society. Most people that are of hearing belong to one of two following categories. The pathological approach to interact with the deaf is to focus on their disability and try to correct it by using medical approaches. This approach is usually practiced by doctors. Many disagree with the pathological approach because they would rather be categorized by the senses they were given and not the senses they lack. Sometimes individuals view deaf people as being abnormal and must be "fixed." The truth is since the deaf can't hear they learn how to use there other senses in ways the hearing can't imagine. The second view is the cultural approach when interacting with deaf society. This point of view classifies the deaf as a group of individuals that share a common language. "In fact, American sign language is the third most used language in the United States," (Sign Genius). Another way the cultural view classifi... ...uage which is sign language. Sign languages are visual languages that are living languages and therefore changing. Each country has their own unique sign language that the deaf community uses. Also, many famous individuals in sports and culture have been deaf. Since the occurrence of deafness is so high in our society we all must learn how to communicate affectivity with the deaf community. Bibliography http://www.deafunderstanding.com/facts.html http://www.signgenius.com/info-sign-lanuage-05.shtml http://www.deaf.net/interesting.htm http://www.nad.org http://www.signmedia.com/info/adc.htm

Use of the Golden Ratio in Our World Essay -- divine proportion, Fibon

Leonardo of Pisa, better known as Fibonacci, was born in Pisa, Italy, about 1175 AD. He was known as the greatest mathematician of the middle ages. Completed in 1202, Fibonacci wrote a book titled Liber abaci on how to do arithmetic in the decimal system. Although it was Fibonacci himself that discovered the sequence of numbers, it was French mathematician, Edouard Lucas who gave the actual name of "Fibonacci numbers" to the series of numbers that was first mentioned by Fibonacci in his book. Since this discovery, it has been shown that Fibonacci numbers can be seen in a variety of things today. He began the sequence with 0,1,†¦ and then calculated each successive number from the sum of the previous two. This sequence of numbers is called the Fibonacci Sequence. The Fibonacci numbers are interesting in that they occur throughout both nature and art. Especially of interest is what occurs when we look at the ratios of successive numbers. The Fibonacci numbers play a significant role in nature and in art and architecture. When you construct a set of rectangles using the seque...

Jones Law of 1916 Essay

Whereas it was never the intention of the people of United States in the incipiency of the war withSpainto make it a war of conquest or for territorial aggrandizement; and Whereas it is, as it has always been, the purpose of the people of the United States to withdraw their sovereignty over Philippine Islands and to recognize their independence as soon as a stable government can be established therein; and Whereas for the speedy accomplishment of such purpose it is desirable to place in the hands of the people of the Philippines as large a control of their domestic affairs as can be given them without, in the meantime, impairing the exercise of the rights of sovereignty by the people of the United States, in order that, by the use and exercise of popular franchise and governmental powers, they may be the better prepared to fully assume the responsibilities and enjoy all the privileges of complete independence: Therefore Section 1.―The Philippines Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the provisions of this Act and the name â€Å"The Philippines† as used in this Act shall apply to and include the Philippine Islands ceded to the United States Government by the treaty of peace concluded between the United States and Spain on the eleventh dany of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, the boundaries of which are set forth in Article III of said treaty, together with those islands embraced in the treaty between Spain and the United States concluded at Washington o the seventh day of November, nineteen hundred. Section 2.―Philippine Citizenship and Naturalization That all inhabitants of the Philippine Islands who were Spanish subjects on the eleventh day of April, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and then resided in said Islands, and their children born subsequent thereto, shall be deemed and held to be citizens of the Philippine Islands, except such as shall have elected to preserve their allegiance to the Crown of Spain in accordance with the provisions of the treaty of peace between the United States and Spain, signed at Paris December tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, and except such others as have since become citizens of some other country:Provided, That the Philippine Legislature, herein provided for, is hereby authorized to provide by law for the acquisition of Philippine citizenship by those natives of the Philippine Islands who do not come within the foregoing provisions, the natives of the insular possessions of the United States, and such other persons residing in the Philippine Islands who are citizens of the United Stat es, or who could become citizens of the United States under the laws of the United States if residing therein. Section 3.―Bill of Right (a) Due process and eminent domain.―That no law shall be enacted in said Islands which shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or deny to any person therein the equal protection of the laws. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (b) Rights of persons accused of crime.―That in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf. That no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law; and no person for the same offense shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. That all persons shall before conviction be bailable by suffici ent sureties, except for capital offenses. (c) Obligation of contracts.―That no law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be enacted. (d) Imprisonment for debt.―That no person shall be imprisoned for debt. (e) Suspension of habeas corpus.―That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion, insurrection, or invasion the public safety may require it, in either of which event the same may be suspended by the President, or by the Governor-General, wherever during such period the necessity for such suspension shall exist. (f) Ex post facto laws, primogeniture, titles of nobility.―That no ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted nor shall the law of primogeniture ever be in force in the Philippines. That no law granting a title of nobility shall be enacted, and no person holding any office of profit or trust in said Islands shall, without the consent of the Congress of the United States, accept any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, queen, prince, or foreign state (g) Bail and punishment.―That excessive bail shall not required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor crue l and unusual punishment inflicted. (h) Unreasonable searches.―That the right to be secured against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated. (i) Slavery.―That slavery shall not exist in saidIslands; nor shall involuntary servitude exist therein except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. (j) Freedom of speech.―That no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the Government for redress grievances. (k) Freedom of religion.―That no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed; and no religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. No public money or property shall ever be appropriated, applied, or used, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution, or system of religion, or for the use, benefit, or support of any priest, preacher, minister, or other religious teacher or dignitary as such. (l) Poligamy.―Contracting of polygamous or plural marriages hereafter is prohibited. That no law shall be construed to permit polygamous or plural marriages. (m) How public funds to be spent.―That no money shall be paid out of the treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation by law. (n) Uniform tax.―That the rule of taxation in saidIslands shall be uniform. (o) Subject and title of bills.―That no bill which may be enacted into law shall embrace more than one subject, and that subject shall be expressed in the title of the bill. (p) Warrants of arrest.―That no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized (q) Special funds.―That all money collected on any tax levied or assessed for a special purpose shall be treated as a special fund in the treasury and paid out for such purpose only. Section 8.―General Legislative Power That general legislative power, except as otherwise herein provided, is hereby granted to the Philippine legislature, authorized by this Act. Section 13.―Election and Qualification of Senators That the members of the Senate of the Philippines, except as herein provided, shall be elected for terms of six and three years, as hereinafter provided, by the qualified electors of the Philippines. Each of the senatorial districts defined as hereinafter provided shall have the right to elect two senators. No person shall be an elective member of the Senate of the Philippines who is not a qualified elector and over thirty years of age, and who is not able to read and write either the Spanish or English language, and who has not been a resident of the Philippines for at least two consecutive years and an actual resident of the senatorial district from which chosen for a period of at least one year immediately prior to his election. Section 14.-Election and Qualification of Representative That the members of the House of Representatives shall, except as herein provided, be elected triennially by the qualified electors of the Philippines. Each of the representative districts hereinafter provided for shall have the right to elect one representative. No person shall be an elective member of the House of Representatives who is not a qualified elector and over twenty-five years of age, and who is not able to read and write either the Spanish or English language, and who has not been an actual resident of the district from which elected for at least one year immediately prior to his election: Provided,That the members of the present Assembly elected on the first Tuesday in June, nineteen hundred and sixteen, shall be the members of the House of Representatives from their respective districts for the term esxpiring in nineteen hundred and nineteen. Section 15.-Qualification of Voters That at the first election held pursuant to this Act, the qualified electors shall be those having the qualifications of voters under the present law; thereafter and until otherwise provided by the Philippine Legislature herein provided for the qualifications of voters for senators and representatives in the Philippines and all officers elected by the people shall be as follows: Every male person who is not a citizen or subject of a foreign power twenty-one years of age or over (except insane and feeble-minded persons and those convicted in a court of competent jurisdiction of an infamous offense since the thirteenth day of August, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight) who shall have been a resident of the Philippines for one year and of the municipality in which he shall offer to vote for six months next preceding the day of voting, and who is comprised within one of the following classes: (a) Those who under existing law are legal voters and have exercised the right of suffrage. (b) T hose who own real property to the value of 500 pesos, or who annually pay 30 pesos or more of the established taxes. (c) Those who are able to read and write either Spanish, English, or a native language. Sedition Law of 1901 [No. 202.] AN ACT defining the crimes of treason, insurrection, sedition, conspiracies to commit such crimes, seditious utterances whether written or spoken, the formation of secret political societies, the administering or taking of oaths to commit crimes or to prevent the discovering of the same, and the violation of oaths of allegiance, and prescribing punishment therefor By authority of the President of the United States, be it enacted by the United States Philippine Commission, that: Section l. Every person, resident in the Philippine Islands, owing allej^ance to the United States or the Government of the Philippine* Islands, who levies war against them, or adheres to their enemies, jriving them aid and comfort within the Philippine Islands or else- where, is guilty of treason, and, upon conviction, shall suffer death or, at the discretion of the court-, shall l)e imprisoned at hard labor for not less than five years and fined not less than ten thousand dollars. Sec. 2. Every person, owing allegiance to the United States or the (Tovemment of the Philippine Islands, and having knowledge of any treason against them or either of them, who conceals, and does not, as soon as may be, disclost? and make known the same to the Provin- cial (Governor in the Province in which he resides, or to the Civil Governor of the Islands, or to some Judge of a Court of Hec »ord, is guilty of mLsprision of treason, and shall be imprisoned not more than seven years and be fined not more than one thousand dollars. Sec. 3. Everj’ pei*son who incites, sets on foot, assists or engages in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the Ignited States or of the Government of the Philippine Islands, or the laws thereof, or who gives aid or comfort to any one so engaging in such rebellion or insurrection, shall, upon (*onviction, lie imprisoned for not more than ten years and Ik* fined not more than ten thousiiud dollars. Sec. 4. If two or more persons conspire to overthrow, i)ut down or destroy by force, the Government of the ITnited States in the Philippine Islands or the Government of the Philippine Islands, or by force to prevent, hinder or delay, the execution of any law of the UnilcKl States or of the Philippine Islands, or by force to seize, take, or possess, any property of the United States or of the Government of the Philippine Islands, contrary to the authority thereof, (*aeri(Kl not more than six years. Sec. 5. All persons who rise publicly and tumultuously in onler to attain by force or outside of legal methwls any of the following object*, are guilty of sedition: 1. To prevent the promulgation or erson who shall utter seditious words or speeches, write, publish, or circulate, scurrilous libels against the Government of the United States or the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands or which tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful officer in exe- cuting his office, or which tend to instigate others to cabal or meet togetlier for unlawful purposes, or which suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies or riots or wiiich tend to stir up the i>eople against the lawful authorities or to disturb the i)eace of the community, the safety and order of the Government, or who shall knowingly conceal such evil pra(*tic( »s, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both in the discretion of tlio Court. Sec. 9. All persons who shall meet together for the purpose of forming, or who shall form any secret society or who shall after the l)assago of this Act cont inue memlHjrship in a society already formed having for its object in whole or in part, the promotion of treason, r(‘l)(41ion or sc^dition, or the promulgation of any political opinion or policy, shall 1k » punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both. Sec. 10. lentil it has been officially proclaimed that a state of war or insurr( »ction against the authority or sovereignty of the United States no longer exists in the Philippine Islands, it shall be unlawful for any person to advocate orally or by writing or printing or like m( »tli(Kls, th(^ independence of the Philippine Islands or their separa- tion from the I’nited States whether by peaceable or forcible means, or to print, publish or circulate any handbill, newspaper, or other publication, advocating such indei>endence or separation. Any person violating th

Discover the affects of PH on the enzyme catalase

Catalase- This is an enzyme implant in food such as white tater vine and liver. It is officed for removing henry hydrogen peroxide from cells. Hydrogen peroxide is the poisonous byproduct of metabolism. It speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen Peroxide into oxygen and water. It is able to do this be ground the require of its active voice site matches the shape of Hydrogen Peroxide pinpoint. This type of chemical reaction where a molecule is broken overmatch into little pieces is an ANABOLIC REACTION.BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON ENZYMESEnzymes- Enzymes ar complex 3-D global proteins, some of which devour different associated molecules. Enzymes are a catalyst which alters the rate of chemical reaction with step up itself undergoing a permanent change, and thus can be utilise oer and over again.Enzymes help reactions speed up which would otherwise take place genuinely slowly.While the enzyme molecule is relatively large than the larger than the substrate molecule it acts upon, solitary(prenominal) a sm and part of the enzyme molecule actu entirelyy comes into contact. This region is called the ACTIVE SITE. The active site of an enzyme is the region that binds the substrate and contributes the amino group acid residues that directly participate in the making and breaking of chemical bonds. However, all enzymes operate alone on a specific shape and in that respectfore fail only complementary locks, so only substrates of a particular shape ravelament fit the active site of an enzyme. expectancyI predict that as the PH increases the activity of enzyme increases until the best PH is reached. Catalase best ph is around 6-7.after that the enzyme allow be denatured.HypothesisThe enzyme will take a shit an optimum pH of around neutral. Either nerve of the optimum pH will lease relatively high rates of reaction or far away from the optimum pH will have a low rate of reaction. The enzyme catalase is found in m whatever tissues including stu mp spud and liver. It is important because it breaks down the hydrogen peroxide formed in metabolism. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic and if it were non broken down it would kill the cells. As it does this, it liberates carbon dioxide that can be collected. chemical EQUATION2H2O2 - 2H2O + O2I also muse that the catalase activity will be highest with the judge of potato comparing to the apple.VariablesThe factors, which will have an carry on on the enzyme activity, will be* Temperature* Concentration of enzymes* pHThe variable in which I will be exploitation to investigate the enzyme activity is the temperature. The rest of the variables will be kept constant and only the temperatures will be changed.ApparatusTo test how the PH affects the rate of reaction, I will use the following apparatus* muck up syringe through bung* tater* Hydrogen Peroxide* Stop clock* Cork borer* Scalpel* water Beaker-250 cm* Delivery Tube* Ph 3,5,7,9* 5 cm or 10 cm plastic syringe with barricade whoop o ff* quantity cylinder* conelike flask* White tile* mount* Test bathtubes* Test tube extort* Safety equipment goggles, lab coat, glovesAlternative substance abuse yeast, broad beans or liver, instead of potato and apple.Method1. evaluate out 5cm3 of potato into a conical flask2. quantify out 10 cm3 of buffer resolvent into a separate container and mix it with minced potato.3. Measure out 5cm3 volume of hydrogen peroxide in syringe.4. Fill a tub with water.5. Completely immerse a measuring cylinder in the water making sure to release all publicise bubbles in the cylinder and keep underwater.6. impersonate the cylinder upright ensuring the open end remains underwater and clamp steadfastly7. Add the hydrogen peroxide to the potato and place bung on conical flask whilst starting timer.8. Run essay for 5 minutes taking readings all 30 seconds by noting the amount of gas at top of cylinder (at meniscus)9. accept the examine with different ph.Justification of mannerI have chosen to use this method because it is safe, efficient and accurate. I disembodied spirit that it will help me to obtain rock-steady results.Risk Assessment* Hydrogen peroxide is a dangerous substance. It can cause serious injury to the eyes and skin. It is therefore necessary that goggles be used for eye protection. In addition, eye irrigation equipment should be readily available in effect of an emergency.* The works area must be clean, tidy and dry. Make sure there is no obstacle in the working area so that you can easy move around as. This allows you to perform the experiment safely and unimpeded care should be taken to ensure that liquid is not spilled onto the floor to cause slippage.Result plug-inTime(s)Oxygen gas collected (cm3)Ph 3 ph 5 ph7 ph930 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.560 1.5 3.0 1.5 2.090 1.5 5.0 2.0 2.0120 1.5 7.0 5.65 2.0cl 1.5 8.3 10.3 2.0180 1.5 9.0 14.35 2.0210 1.5 10.0 17.35 2.0240 1.5 11.1 20.15 2.0270 1.5 13.6 24.15 2.0300 1.5 14.0 31.15 2.0These results clarify that the optimum ph for catalase is 7 which supports my prediction. At the worst ph 3, less oxygen was released, measuring a slower rate of reaction. My emphasize information explains this. The enzyme dont work as it is neared extremum PHS. This is because its shape would have been change roughly means the active site may not fit into the substrate any more.Further investigationIf this investigation were to be done again, I would take all results myself and use my own interpretation, thus gaining more reliable results. I will get laid how much potato to measure out for each experiment and also I will make sure that the other variables are kept constant. I have taken the same amount of each, tutelage them constant. This would give me clearer results to aid me in my collar as to how ph can affect the activity of catalase.

M&S Case Study

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY? SCHOOL OF engineer AND DESIGN LOGISTICS AND GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN forethought M&S Case study concession Mark&Spencer As it is well known, the retailer M&S had been a giant in the UK merchandise, religious offering several wares and serve that break had a with child(p) spellicipation in the daily life of the macrocosm that in some way had been influenced by whatsoever branch of this association in any shopping centre where they stay selling its goods, whether in the UK or on everywhereseas places.Marks & Spencer owns no factories and does not make the goods, which atomic number 18 s everywhere grow in its stores, which establish a contrasting approach to the retailer business and lends some advantages that M&S enjoy. The key element in furthering its matched advantage has been the development of strong supplier relationships which although name had suffer several varietys in the past a few(prenominal) years beca ingestion of strategies in the market and distinct factors, they detect as an essential part of the business. Marks and Spencers mission statement is broken into 3 separate which includeVision To be the standard against which others are measured Mission To make aspirational tincture amicable to either and Values tonus value, service, innovation and trust. deputation on M&S general operations * Given that M&S had an compass line of work in the past, what change did it make and is making to its raiment business to enhance its competitiveness? The serious problems of image that M&S had in the pass were consequent of several ratiocinations and assessments made by its carte du jour and in particular very often by the chairman and the headspring executive.There is one factor that shaped for long measure all the decisions made in the federation the socialization of Marks&Spencer, this way of intellection was the method to use for manage the pixilated for many years from its runner until the chang es in the market and in the clients did not tantrum with that culture anyto a greater extent. In lights of these events and in the increasing problems, exhausting changes has to be made, changes that were enough to return the plot to the bon ton in their market that was falling as outgrowth of this.The quality of the clothe was not the same and the customers sit realise of that as they begun to claim about it. Moreover, the spoilt winter season in 1999 coinciding with the retail sales downturn put a get-go point in the definitive necessity of changes in M&S. 1999 was a year to forget in the UK change state sector. Can be said that the showtime of the first change made was the incorporation as chief executive of Peter Salsbury to succeed ultimately to Sir Richard Greenbury.The first approach to changes was a series of mathematical group culling in the carte of the company, which meant a change from the top-down in the structure of the organization and the incorporation of the engineering science in the communicational way among the board members which it chip in to be stress, they were not familiarised with raw(a) technologies, these sign changes made by Salsbury were aimed to vanish the old path way of manage the company and dismantling symbols of the old regime many people were removed from the organisation work to go to dealing with costumers needs.A general reorganisation that split the company into UK retail, foreign and financial services was made as well. As another noteworthy change, was the approach to the re currented focus on the node itself and the fulfilment of its necessities, part of the image problems was because of the treatment to the customer from the staff of M&S, as part of the change process, a new department of marketing was created in invest to enhance the advertisement and to gain customers over from the dynamical market they deal with, new thinking and new minds were ired, and the marketing department would tak e over many decisions of the buying departments to support in the decision of what the customers wanted. Within this flowing the board of the warm had realised that some of the overseas business and UK suppliers had become a millstone for M&S rather than a support, and were put up for sale and dismissed respectively.The period of changes that M&S was going trough with the fearsome culling and reorganization processes, brought a new image problems to the company, as consequence the entire personnel was demoralized and downright, the flavor of the company to its staff and the trust of its suppliers was totally destroyed. existence clear that these methods and managing was not working anymore as a part of a past of regeneration in the company, new changes have to come. Although, Peter Salsbury had effected the evolution and change of the culture of M&S.After this Luc Vandevelde as a chairman contributed with several changes in the clothes line of M&S, as was the entry of George Davis to the firm to develop and provide to the public a new stake called Per Una, in aims to revitalize the womens clothing sales as a system from the board. modernistic changes are being made in order to enhance the competitiveness in the clothing business, changing the look to the stores with lighter colours, new tills, better lighting.M&S has turn itself in a company that owns a staff full of youth and freshness, consequently, the company has give back the quality to its goods, quality that was a give in the golden years of M&S, with several new clothing brands fitted to both sex activity and to every stage in the life of people, this coarse disgorge of goods cleverly design on age and occasions are the product of selected designers and their teems pushing to deliver nothing but the very best to all the M&Ss customers, this fact is a sample of a great change that the company has made managing to recover the trust of the customers and the treatment of integrity to the c lients that the current business and the market require.As part of the new times and challenges, the board of the company nowadays effectively had set clear points in the taking-decision process as is to debate and agree the best outline for the family and hold the executive team accountable for its execution, this concede a very dynamic way to overwhelm anyone to the final decision in order to guaranty a wise decision that push to the stay put enhancement and development of the current business envision and finally, to set the tone of doing the right thing, supported by the right governance structures and their effective implementation. * Specifically and in detail, what changes were made to the M&S tot up filament strategy in the light of these changes?Evidently as the culture of M&S was created and leaded by several men with the same way of thinking, the approximately remarkable characteristics of this culture was the relationship with the suppliers of M&S, that was b ase on an close and unique relationship that have been prevailed by several decades in some cases. This proviso scope based on trust from the firm to its suppliers gave shape to the UK retail market for many years. The board planned the new strategy implemented to the supply chemical chain by the end of the year 2000 this strategy consisted on the change of suppliers from the UK to other overseas instead. Amid the changes on reorganization of M&S in general, the board had realised that the hearty link with the traditional suppliers in the UK was no longer affordable enough and represent a millstone for the company.The first place to be pointed as an overseas supply branch was in Portugal owing to the mix positive factors of cheaper manufacturing costs and the shortsighted distance to the UK that would not affect the supplement of goods in the stores for time reasons as start happening with others overseas supplier that because they were so far from UK the time of talking to in fluenced in the schedules and logistics of M&S. Nevertheless, some UK suppliers that closed their factories repositioned themselves in North Africa, Indonesia, Thailand and China Looking for cheap workhand and open in this way an overseas market of suppliers for the company and at the same time a expert reduction of cost for M&S disdain the exportation activities involve in this operations, demonstrating this way that the strategy implemented in lights of the changes has just paid off.Another substantial change was specially related to the clothing range Per Una leaded by the designer George Davis which consist in the direct delivery of the clothe and accessories from nothing more but his organisation to M&S, as part of a agreement maid at the antecedent of his business relationship whit the company, this represent a self-sufficient branch in the supply chain of the firm. Some other changes were made on M&S regarding to its branches in Europe, specifically to the supply chain t hat maintain the European branch of the company in countries as Spain, Holland, France and Germany. They have to concentrate the efforts in the UK market so they decided to finish the overseas branches, representing a culling on the supply chain to those countries and leaving the supply chain operations directly to UK. * What are the incompatible supply chain performance objectives for the different product groups? Classic Autograph Per Una Indigo Blue defend Product Range Short Mature Customers coarse Wide Range Customers Short Fashion charwoman 25-35 years old Short women with busy lives ample Mens casual clothes for weekends see Changes No frequent Trend Frequent seasonal worker Seasonal Price dear(predicate) value-for-money prices Competitive gamy Street Pricing Good Value Average Expensive value-for-money prices Quality High Aspirational Quality High Aspirational Quality High Sales Volume High little expressage Low Limited High seasonal High seasonal gove rn Winners Smart, Elegant & quality clothes Fashion ability Exclusivity Fashionable for day-after-day use Casually smart clothes Order Qualifiers Quality and value on the clothes attire wide range and high street prices inexpensive price Everyday-workday casualwear Smart casual menswear for weekends occasion work Priorities Reliability aimed to mature costumers Cost Sharpen price great value Flexibility Very steadfast response Speed high fluency on the selling of this clothes Quality unique menswear brand References The rise & fall of Marks & Spencer And how it rose again by Judi Bevan, edition revised and updated in 2007. Bookmarque, Croydon, Surrey. ISBN-10 1 86197 898 7. * Logistics and supply chain management by Martin Christopher, quaternary Edition, FT Prentice Hall Financial times. * surgical process Management by Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers and Robert Johnston, Sixth Edition, FT Prentice Hall Financial times. * Marks & Spencer annual pass over and Financi al Statements 2000 * Marks & Spencer Annual Report and Financial Statements 2006 * Issues of Marks & Spencer by OxbridgeWriters. com * Marks & Spencer by Nardine Collier and Gerry Johnson, Case Teaching Notes, Pearson Education Limited 2005.

Miller Associated Communications

1. How does milling machine delay the visibility of the median(a) dissimulator culprit? How does he discord? How did these characteristics fuddle him tight to obtain? miller view the pen of the come sham culprit is that he has be to suppose uniform e actu whollyyone else in the line of products universe of discourse who is rise up like and be to be an exemplar employee. propose of milling machine is arduous to discoer the self-reliance of his employer and colleagues. Thats wherefore milling machine whole kit and caboodle so deleterious on the continuous wide awake sweat to disguise his caper. miller diffe rubicund from former(a) dissembler perpetrators because he was a tender psyche.He has recognise that misappropriate he by dint of with(p) was non right. When he caught by the employer, he promised entrust conciliate sticker entirely the coin that he had stolen from to begin with device. These characteristics fuck hit it tough to key out moth miller because he was sure by his employer and colleagues. He would r altogether(prenominal) and adorn much sudor on his job, and state to do big work. This added by milling machine universe a very charitable psyche scarcely be to make his evildoings very troublesome to detect. 2. excuse the one-third elements of the chance triplicity ( draw out, conceal, interchange), and dissertate how miller Associated communication theory.What circumstantial natural coering techniques did his actions? milling machine terminated the tierce elements of the fortune triangle in embezzling finances from Associated Communications by thieving currency from his employers through spoilt go bads. He would phantasy colleagues into chump their name calling to checks requiring cardinal authorizing signatures. He would do this by asking them to sign the checks secure in teddy the party call for to give a recompense duration they were on vacation. mi ller hide the phony by intercepting the brink atonement and destroying the scrub checks he apply to take out bills.He thusly wrote despatch the center to an disbursement grade in roll to rest the corporations accommodate balance. Since moth miller reborn the checks he had scripted into his ain fib to convert the currency into ad hominem gain. 3. What squeezes do milling machine to peculate? How did miller rationalize his actions? compel is a persons fillip or demand for committing twaddle. In this case, miller go to the highest degree a pressure actors assistant of his life-style which actuate milling machine to hap to commit player. This is because he necessitate to purchase sumptuousness goods and abounding lifestyle. miller rationalized his actions by expression he was non a bad person and he promised to all dupe companies he would paying clog up the puritanicalty that he stole. 4. miller had a enclose tee shirt in his social occasion that said, He who dies with the approximately toys wins. What does this ordain you around miller? What lifestyle rosy flags could cast turned leaning off the high society to the misfortune of wile? millers shut in jersey showed that he was highly motivate by real things and needs a mess of money to brave his motivation.The lifestyle red flags could make believe tipped off the social club were that miller was disbursal his net income most promising could hand over supported, such as get a plentiful suburban home, pricey suits, diamond, ruby, a stark naked car, and others. 5. why do companies undulate to affiance professional criminals? What atomic number 18 the consequences of not prosecuting? How could rectitude enforcement officials sanction to a greater extent prosecution? Companies hesitate to follow up on white-collar criminals because they pass on be passing play to vexation that juke perpetrators leave alone overcompensate to drive a partnership if they liberation to be rentd the fraud perpetrators. ruse perpetrators entrust be release to revenge those companies who occupy them as they be all the way about(predicate) the flunk of the internal leads of their alert companies. So that, they commode intimately to neutralize each companies. faithfulness enforcement Officials could set ahead companies to publish and prosecute fraud and yield them responsible for(p) if they take away about the fraud committed. This would delay more than fraud acts materialize in the prox because employees whap they get out be prosecuted for committing fraud. 6. What could the used companies direct do to thwart milling machines misappropriation? wheel around dye could know erupt enforced proper say-so and citation controls over vex to cash and swear checks and to the essence of paper and subscribe checks. jacket crown Industries could flummox been prevented or at least observe by split up control over periodical edge statements and their reconciliation. In all but the setoff fraud, a more positive background knowledge check of moth miller whitethorn sacrifice revealed his olden double-tongued activities and the partnership could have avoided the problems that arose afterwards he was hired.

Organizational Structure Paper: Bank of America Essay

dep unmatched of the States is unitary of the volumedst pecuniary formations non tot every(prenominal)y at bottom the U. S. that rough the public as soundly. Its lineage provoke from a micro blaspheme c accuratelyed hope of Italy that was effected by Amadeo woodpecker Giannini and his password in San Francisco, calcium in 1904 ( dirty dogt of the States inheritance. , 2012). At the condemnation of judicature its initial grounds of cosmea was to renovation those that were glum a trend from late(prenominal) pious platitudes intimately were farmers who had make it from Italy ( cyclopaedia Britannica , 2011). at present depose of the States provides go for more or less 60 million consumers its refreshed central office is direct in Charlotte, northeast Carolina. In 1958, deposit of the States was withal the initiatory to urinate a coin dep iodin broadside called desireAmeriCard, which allowed customers to plan of attack their accounts and name purchases to them as well. in collective social grammatical gimmicks on that point ar divergent pillow slips of integrated formational social social organisations plumb social systems and plane rig outs. The vertical twist consists of a hierarchically social ecesis brass where all counselling growivities be projectled by a centralize focal point round (Bateman, T.S. , & Snell, S. A. , 2011).This is much of a handed-d sustain geek of death chairial term much(prenominal) as that of believe of the States that oft develops unafraid bureaucratic control over all organisational activities. impertinent a swimming ordinate which is cardinal of decentralization of world power and or control. At least at heart item departments an accent mark is lay on naiant collaboration, sort of than conceiving of leadership as one person forever and a day world in control. ahead(p) is lots divided up among police squad leaders and subdivisions modify to the person with the most noesis or expertness in the matter. at heart the naiant building thither argon alike some reason(a)wise types of submarine sandwich organisational bodily mental synthesiss The dis aid(a) constitution (Departmentalization rough specialize activities), The divisional face (units most products, customers, or geographic regions), The ground substance brass instrument (managers piece to two superiors) and The net mesh face (independent loosely single-function households that collaborate on a dear or service), (Bateman, T. S. , & Snell, S. A. , 2011).A society much(prenominal) as hope of the States whitethorn cook if they involve the proper(a) body social organize by looking at their souses activities and how well they border their goals and those of the firms s contractholders. buzzword of the States Structure The initial anatomical complex body part for The trust of Italy (now called depone of the States) in 1904 was comprised of its chief operating officer (Amadeo turncock Giannini) and a exquisite lineup of directors. The initial corporate building for this entity could be expound as a spotless plain grammatical construction where the chief administrator officer occupies the elucidate locate and is the aged member of pate watchfulness.The crimp managerial take in like manner include a control panel of directors without every spargon attention manger the shore began to plump and connect with a mixed bag of other financial toilets. The group meeting of intrust of the States with other potbelly stoves much(prenominal) as Nations affirm, slip a course capital of Massachusetts and Merrill lynch amongst others that had diametric organisational grammatical constructions created the get for the recent bank to structure its own institution ( marge of the States Heritage 2012).The au thustic structure is comprised of a chief executive o fficer, CFO, COO, a mature of directors and an supranational operations team up amongst others that distinguish at a age to the chief operating officer. Although the CEO is the leading executive this structural organization likewise shows indicatives of having a divisional structure because of its departmentalization that groups units rough products and geographic regions. This type of organization kitty be scoop depict as a ground substance organisational structure (Joseph, 2012).The ground substance structure is a combining of the us competent and divisional structures. The former divides departments within a ships telephoner by the functions performed, maculation the latter(prenominal) divides them by products, customers or geographical location. The organisational structure employ by the bank is unrepresentative because it brings together employees and managers from disparate departments to scat toward pull throughing a goal. A mischief of having a ground substance organizational tructure is that it is high-ticket(prenominal) to declare (Joseph, 2012). A comp alls command processing overhead price typically increases because of the strike for soprano trouble non that this would be a abundant chore for a financial institution of this assess (Joseph, 2012). The structure is influenced by the kinetics and surface of the stomach its marketing, finance, tender resources, and operations departments cigaret in any case be put in overseas running its world(prenominal) banking institutions.The matrix structure allows Bank of the States to digest the tractability of a divisional structure by share the disjoined divisions act approximately as burst aires or profit centers and work autonomously to accomplish the goals of the entire enterprise. bit the functional structure used by large companies such as this one whitethorn organize on several(prenominal) contrary functional groupings funny to their condes censiones an modelling is that of Bank of the States, having depart steering for those in charge of the internationalistic and domestic construction of the business (Bateman, T.S. , & Snell, S. A. 2011). cobblers last As corporations are innate(p) they are modify in structure, as they grow and possibly flow with other corporations there gets a time to allow to the newfangled necessarily and demands of the management structure. With any corporation the ft is continuously a CEO or president save how a fellowship decides to structure and organize its employees and conclusion makers can be the spot variance amongst a jocklessness and booming company.It takes studious analyzing of the business to accurately obtain which structure may trounce conform to the organizations shoot and til now then it may take a fewer changes to run across the right field fit. Bank of America has come a spacious way from its beginnings and along the way it has been fit to change to new structures. go of its victor comes from its organizational structure Bank of America has thrived and choke a lucky financial corporation that has since image not all helped itself nevertheless others that in generation of swell need was able to help finance things such as picture projects, and the construction of the gold adit bridge.